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Fumonisin

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Major crops affected:

Corn (Price et al., 1993)

Associated mold:

Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum (Price et al., 1993)

Conditions favoring production:

Period of drought during the growing season followed by cool and moist conditions during pollination and kernel formation (Osweiler et al, 2014)

Symptoms:

Horses (most susceptible species): Depression, incoordination, weakness, blindness, head-pressing, death (Adams, 2013)

Swine: Pulmonary edema – Dyspnea, cyanosis of mucous membranes, weakness, recumbency, death (Osweiler, 2014), liver and pancreatic lesions (Colorado Department of Agriculture)

Cattle and sheep: Inappetence, weight loss, mild liver damage (Osweiler, 2014)

Poultry: Inappetence, weight loss, skeletal abnormalities (Osweiler, 2014)

FDA Action Levels

For  Level in grain/ complete diet  Commodities
Horses and rabbits 5 ppm/1 ppm Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 20% of the diet
Swine and catfish 20 ppm/10 ppm Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 20% of the diet
Breeding ruminants, breeding poultry and breeding mink 30 ppm/15 ppm Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 20% of the diet
Ruminants ≥ 3 months old being raised for slaughter, mink being raised for pelt  60 ppm/30 ppm Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 20% of the diet
Poultry being raised for slaughter 100 ppm/50 ppm Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 20% of the diet
All other species or classes of livestock and pet animals 10 ppm/5 ppm Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 20% of the diet

 

Sources

Adams, R.S., Kephart, K.B., Ishler, V.A., Hutchinson, L.J., and G.W. Roth. “Mold and mycotoxin problems in livestock feeding.” Dairy Cattle Nutrition (Penn State Extension). Penn State Extension, n.d. Web. 17. Sept. 2013.

Osweiler, G.D. “Fumonisin Toxicosis.” Merck Veterinary Manual. n.d. Web. 17. Oct. 2014.

Price, W.D., Lovell, R.A. and D.G. McChesney. 1993. Naturally occurring toxins in feedstuffs: Center for Veterinary Medicine Perspective. J. Anim. Sci. 2556 – 2562.

“Understanding Mycotoxins.” Colorado Department of Agriculture. n.d. Web. 17. Oct. 2014. 

For more information call Dairyland Laboratories, Inc. at 608-323-2123 or contact us here.